8-7. A steel
control rod AB is subject to a force P applied to the handle as
shown in the figure. The rod is pin connected at it ends and its diameter is . The force P follows a normal
distribution
. The modulus of elasticity
follows
. Find the probability of
failure of the rod caused by buckling. Assume that Euler’s
formula is valid. Also, assume that
and
are independent. (Ans.
)